From the final days of British colonial rule to the first war between India and Pakistan, the roots of the conflict run deep. In discussion with host Dan Graham, Gopalan Balachandran traces how early decisions and territorial disputes shaped the region’s divided identity and laid the groundwork for decades of tension, examining how global politics, rising militancy, and evolving strategies from New Delhi have influenced the trajectory of Kashmir. With recent events like the violence in Pahalgam and the Modi government’s response, the episode asks: how did we get here, and what lies ahead for this deeply contested region?