This study provides a status assessment of the agroecological transition in Burkina Faso, documenting its dynamics, support mechanisms, outcomes, and obstacles. Conducted in collaboration with the Scalagro project, it draws on a systematic literature review and semi-structured interviews with key actors in the sector—representatives of local and international NGOs and specialized researchers. The findings show that agroecological transition is a genuine and growing reality, building on longstanding endogenous practices such as zaï, composting, stone bunds, and cereal-legume intercropping, and driven primarily by pragmatic motivations—higher yields, lower input costs, and resilience to soil degradation and climatic shocks—rather than environmental or ideological ones. Practices vary widely by region, with soil and water conservation techniques dominant in the drier north and chemical inputs more prevalent in the south. NGOs emerge as the most active on-the-ground actors, partly compensating for limited state action, though the durability of their interventions remains fragile without structural national financing, and the recently adopted National Strategy for the Development of Agroecology (SND-AE) is deemed insufficiently operational. Key barriers include the difficulty of maintaining yields immediately after conversion, negative early cash flow, labor shortages, weak land tenure security, gender inequalities, and a critical lack of systematic national data. Overall, outcomes across agronomic, ecological, economic, and social dimensions are predominantly positive but gradual and highly dependent on sustained support. The study concludes that agroecology should be understood not as a miracle solution but as an essential component of a diversified food system—one that can complement conventional agriculture for a growing share of Burkina Faso's rural population, provided that investment in research, training, and long-term human accompaniment matches the scale of the challenge.