International organizations (IOs) increasingly interact with transnational economic actors to achieve governance aims beyond the reach of state-based structures of international cooperation. In the International Labour Organization (ILO), the International Labour Office (‘Office’) and Director General have advanced the ILO’s decent work mandate in transnational regulatory spaces by orchestrating multi-stakeholder initiatives (MSIs) in which transnational actors and ILO national constituents collaborate. The Office recently designed and orchestrated the Rana Plaza Arrangement, a path-breaking MSI, to pay thousands of claims for employment injury and death from a supply chain factory collapse in Bangladesh. Along with inspiring a local pilot programme for future Bangladeshi claims, the initiative fostered ILO’s formal approval in 2023 for an ILO-wide supply chain strategy and programme of action. Such ILO innovations point to avenues for effective joined-up modes of international cooperation and transnational governance among IOs, member states, and MSI actors.