publication

Interrelation between Paris Agreement and EU Free Trade Agreements' Commitments in search of a sustainable path

Authors:
Ilaria ESPA
Tokas TOKAS
2025

This paper analyses the interplay between climate change provisions in European Union (EU) Free Trade Agreements (FTAs) with Global South nations, with a focus on Latin American countries, and the principles outlined in the Paris Agreement. It aims to provide recommendations on how to better harmonize the obligations under the Paris Agreement and EU FTAs to enhance climate ambition among trading partners. More critically, the paper seeks to foster a harmonious coexistence between binding and enforceable commitments on climate change included in FTAs and the flexible framework of the Paris Agreement. The paper proposes that hard commitments and strict enforcement procedures with regards to climate change may not be compatible with the spirit of the Paris Agreement and its principles. More distinctively, such strict and inflexible options may constitute a major disincentive to EU trade partners to negotiate more ambitious commitments and implement them at the domestic level. The paper concludes by suggesting post-implementation options for parties to steer up the engagement within the FTA institutions and progressively introduce more ambitious climate friendly FTA disciplines centred on cooperation.