The demand for global governance remains high, yet effective multilateral cooperation is increasingly scarce. Governments continue to rely on international cooperation to address climate change, pandemics, digitalisation, migration, and global inequality. However, both increasing rivalry among major powers and political polarisation within established democracies make reaching agreements within existing multilateral institutions more difficult. As a result, cooperation occurs across a broader range of institutional settings. Drawing on 15 ENSURED case studies and the ENSURED expert survey, this report traces these transformations across five policy areas: trade and inequality, climate and biodiversity, global health, migration and human rights, and digitalisation. The analysis focuses on three pathways of global governance transformation: minilateralisation, regionalisation, and counter-institutionalisation. Across all five policy areas, governance has become more institutionally diverse. While multilateral institutions remain important, they rarely fulfil all essential governance functions – such as agenda-setting, regulatory decision-making, or operational implementation – independently. Taken together, these dynamics give rise to a system best described as variable geometry, in which different institutional forms interact in shifting, contextspecific ways. The concrete geometry of governance varies across policy areas and over time, shaped by problem structures, power dynamics, and political alignment. This system produces trade-offs in the robustness, effectiveness, and democratic quality of global governance.