This article focuses on the ways the Family Planning Association (FPA), the leading charity providing family planning services, dealt with migrants’ fertility in post-war Britain. Drawing on the files of the FPA and the Eugenics Society and media coverage of their work, and newspaper debates about migration, this article examines the racialisation of family planning services from the 1950s to the 1970s. It situates these developments within national debates about migrants’ place in Britain and global anxieties about population growth in developing countries. The article shows how the FPA’s work produced a racialised, homogenised image of the ‘migrant woman’ through efforts to promote contraception, family planning and population control. These practices also reinforced racialised, gendered and classed notions of ‘modern’, ‘respectable’ and ‘rational’ sexual behaviour – ideals rooted in White, middle-class norms. In so doing, it nuances the dominant feminist narrative of progressive sexual liberation by highlighting the paradoxes within the FPA’s services. Alongside an agenda of empowerment and reproductive autonomy for migrant women, there was also an agenda of assimilation and control. This tension between empowerment and control can be explained by the model of the modern reproductive subject that the FPA aimed to convey. Family planning services and provision played a role not only in the integration of migrant populations but also in the stabilisation of the vision of the modern reproductive subject. In this vision, modernity was based on White middle-class values of responsibility and rationality, in which married women controlled their fertility according to their economic situation.