Legal identity is essential for accessing rights, services, and protections, but for female domestic labor migrants (FDLMs) in Saudi Arabia, it rarely ensures real empowerment or safety. This research paper explores how legal identity frameworks can both reinforce historical injustices and offer opportunities for change for FDLMs in Saudi Arabia. Drawing on vulnerability theory, postcolonial feminism, and the concept of “global apartheid, ”the study shows that systems like the Kafala sponsorship regime, restrictive labor laws, and entrenched social hierarchies deepen FDLMs’ vulnerability. The study employs a single-case, multi-method approach, combining policy analysis, semi-structured interviews, and secondary data review. It critically examines the historical and structural injustices embedded in legal identity frameworks and the ways these frameworks can both perpetuate and potentially alleviate the marginalization of FDLMs.